Sulfuric acid, also known as H₂SO₄ or oil of vitriol, is one of the most widely used industrial chemicals in the world. Renowned for its versatility and reactivity, this powerful acid is crucial in numerous industries, including paper manufacturing, fertilizers, and chemical synthesis. But what exactly is sulfuric acid, and why is it so important? In this article, we’ll explore its characteristics, uses, and safety considerations to provide a complete understanding of this essential compound.
Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is a colorless, odorless, highly corrosive liquid. Its molecular structure consists of two hydrogen atoms, one sulfur atom, and four oxygen atoms, forming a tetrahedral shape. This compound is classified as a strong acid due to its ability to donate protons readily, making it a key reagent in various chemical reactions
Sulfuric acid has several defining properties, including its high boiling point, density, and ability to absorb water. These characteristics make it indispensable in industrial applications. For instance, its hygroscopic nature allows it to act as a drying agent, while its corrosive properties are essential in metal processing.
Uses of Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuric acid is a cornerstone in modern industry, with applications in:
- Paper Industry: Used in the pulping process to remove impurities and improve paper quality.
- Fertilizer Production: A primary component in the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers.
- Chemical Manufacturing: Essential in producing detergents, synthetic dyes, and more.
- Battery Acid: A key ingredient in lead-acid batteries used in vehicles.
From the four points, it can also be concluded that sulfuric acid has various advantages in terms of industrial applications.

Sulfuric Acid
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Safety Considerations
Due to its highly corrosive nature, sulfuric acid must be handled with extreme care. Direct contact with skin can cause severe burns, and inhalation of its fumes may irritate the respiratory system. In case of skin contact, neutralize the acid immediately with water and seek medical attention. It’s crucial to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working with sulfuric acid.